E-Commerce Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-Commerce Systems - Essay Example E-commerce is not only limited to the exchange of goods or services, it involves a broad range of activities in different departments such as design, finance, promotion, distribution etc (OECD 2001). This has become one of the most popular and productive sources for business transactions (Kerner 2005). Companies invest great deal of their resources to have an appealing presence on the internet to attract consumers towards their products and services. There are two main classifications on the basis of which strategies are formulated to promote and market the products and services of the respective company- business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C). These classifications are made on the basis of the type of target market that is chosen by the business owner; the buying-end can either be a business itself (B2B) or an individual consumer who has certain requirements (B2C). B2B sales are targeted for a limited segment of customers whereas B2C sales are aimed for the whole set of consumer market (YourDictionary.com n.d.). The competition in the markets is more than ever and is still increasing. This has arisen as a result of the consumer’s access to global products and services rather than being restricted to local ones. E-business makes access to global products even more convenient. Companies are required to possess an attractive presence on the World Wide Web since otherwise they will loose the race for greater market shares and revenues. The following are some of the incentives that are gained by B2C websites: The dynamic nature of the web facilitates frequent promotions by companies regarding their products and services and these marketing strategies cost much lesser than the conventional modes of promotion and marketing. The internet user generally browses the website himself. The marketing messages can be reached to him on a personal level. There may exist enhanced responsiveness in the medium of the

Criminal justice comprehensive exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Criminal justice comprehensive exam - Essay Example The perpetrators of such crimes have been known to create and distribute viruses that have been known to disrupt a company's daily operations. Cybercrimes vary in their nature; there are those criminals who use the internet to accomplish other traditional crimes like drug trafficking while there are those who utilize this technology to carry out the technological crimes like bank fraud and identity theft (Ponemon Institute, 2012). Compare your findings above in (a) to previous years. In 2011, the average cost of cybercrime was estimated at $8.4 million which represented a 6 percent increase in cost from a previous study (Ponemon Institute, 2012). The number of attacks also increased by 42 percent from 72 successful attacks per week to 102 successful attacks per week (Ponemon Institute, 2012). The Identity Theft Resource Center (ITRC) reported that there was a decrease in data breech in 2011 (n=419). It was also reported that this decline came after there had been an increase in 2006 (n=662) of breeches which characterized a wide range of cybercrimes (Finklea & Theorhary, 2013). Apply a criminological theory (just one!) to describe why this particular crime problem exists to the extent that it does, The psychoanalytical theory of crime was developed by Sigmund Freud to explain some of the causes of crime in the world. In his theory, the human personality has three psychic structures commonly referred to as the identity, the ego and the super ego (Toch, 1979). Through the identity, one seeks to pursue instant needs without any thoughts or analysis. Through the ego, one seeks to pursue needs that are influenced by their educational status and socialization processes. The super ego on the other hand results from all lessons that individuals have learned from their parents. Therefore, crime will often result when a person's identity surpasses their super ego resulting in actions that are only fueled by apparent need without further thought of their consequences. The refore, the hacker will perform the classical psychological crime because of their apparent need for social rewards in the form of fame or money. They do so without paying attention to the obvious consequences like punishment by the law. The structures of education and family lessons have failed to take root in this person's identity because they are still driven by material needs. It is because of this that programs to prevent hacking are developed that focus on administration of computer ethics education at the early stages of life of a child (Ponemon Institute, 2012). According to the theory in (c), explain the changes in the pattern of the crime from previous years compared to today There has been a significant increase in the costs that have been incurred in cybercrime in 2011. This can be attributed to the policy that was introduced to enhance cyber space security. This was the National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace: Enhancing Online Choice, Efficiency, Securit y, and Privacy that was released in April 2011 (Finklea & Theorhary, 2013). this policy was meant to create an identity ecosystem whereby individuals were to authenticate their on-line identities and the identities of their digital devices. Through the establishment of these laws, hackers perceived a challenge presented by the President and sought to connect with their identities (Sigmund Freud's theory). Hence in order to seek fame and powers that had been denied by the enactment of this policy, hackers increased